1. For most nouns, add –s to the singular noun.
desk/desks toy/toys car/cars book/books voice/voices cat/cats
2. For nouns ending in –s, –z, –sh, or –ch, add –es to the singular noun.
class/classes quiz/quizzes wish/wishes watch/watches bus/buses mass/masses
3. For nouns ending in –f, change –f to –v and add –es.
wife/wives leaf/leaves scarf/scarves knife/knives loaf/loaves (Note: There are several exceptions to this rule: beliefs, roofs, cliffs, cuffs, chiefs)
4. For nouns ending in a consonant + y, change the –y to –i and add –es.
story/stories fry/fries bully/bullies pony/ponies spy/spies
5. For nouns ending in a vowel + y, just add –s.
delay/delays day/days toy/toys survey/surveys play/plays
6. Some nouns ending in –o form their plural by adding –es. Others just add –s.
tomato/tomatoes hero/heroes potato/potatoes zoo/zoos zero/zeros
class/classes quiz/quizzes wish/wishes watch/watches bus/buses mass/masses
3. For nouns ending in –f, change –f to –v and add –es.
wife/wives leaf/leaves scarf/scarves knife/knives loaf/loaves (Note: There are several exceptions to this rule: beliefs, roofs, cliffs, cuffs, chiefs)
4. For nouns ending in a consonant + y, change the –y to –i and add –es.
story/stories fry/fries bully/bullies pony/ponies spy/spies
5. For nouns ending in a vowel + y, just add –s.
delay/delays day/days toy/toys survey/surveys play/plays
6. Some nouns ending in –o form their plural by adding –es. Others just add –s.
tomato/tomatoes hero/heroes potato/potatoes zoo/zoos zero/zeros
